The relationship between intake of iron, vitamin D, and nutritional status on the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at the Kebak Kramat 1 community health center, Karanganyar

Abstract

Anemia is one of the World Health Organization's five global health challenges for 2025. The causes of anemia during pregnancy are linked to iron intake and nutritional status, which may result in severe consequences such as miscarriage, preterm birth, pre/postpartum hemorrhage, and low birth weight. This study investigated the association between iron intake, vitamin D, nutritional status, and the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy. This was an analytical cross-sectional study involving a population of 132 pregnancies. The sample included 30 pregnancies. The data was analyzed through the Chi-square, logistic, and multiple linear regression tests. Iron deficiency demonstrated a 15-fold increase in the risk of anemia (p-value 0.016) without correlation. Vitamin D intake is not related to anemia, while nutritional status is not associated with anemia (p-value 0.787). Insufficient iron intake may increase the risk of anemia, whereas a good vitamin D and adequate dietary level may lower this risk. Therefore, further research is needed on anemia knowledge education during pregnancy.