The relationship between intake of iron, vitamin D and nutritional status on the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at Kebak Kramat 1 community health center, Karanganyar

Abstract

Anaemia is one of the World Health Organization's five global health challenges for 2025. The causes of anaemia during pregnancy are linked to iron intake and nutritional status, which may result in severe consequences such as miscarriage, preterm birth, pre/postpartum haemorrhage, and low birth weight. This study aimed to investigate the association between iron intake, vitamin D, nutritional status, and the prevalence of anaemia during pregnancy. This was an analytical cross-sectional study involving a population of 132 pregnancies. The sample included 30 pregnancies. The data was analyzed through the Chi-square, logistic, and multiple linear regression tests. Iron deficiency demonstrated a 15-fold increase in the risk of anaemia (p-value 0.016) without correlation. Vitamin D intake is unrelated to anaemia, while nutritional status is unrelated to anaemia (p-value 0.787). Insufficient iron intake may increase the risk of anaemia, whereas a good vitamin D and adequate nutritional status may lower this risk. Therefore, further research is needed on the particularities of anaemia knowledge education during pregnancy.